Engine Coolant

Typically formulated with ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, engine coolant is a homogeneous chemical liquid that, when added to a vehicle’s cooling system, lowers the coolant’s freezing point, raises its boiling point, and prevents corrosion.

Concentrated Antifreeze: A non-diluted formulation that must be mixed with water prior to use.

Ready-to-Use Antifreeze: A pre-diluted formulation supplied to the market already mixed with water.

Concentrated antifreeze freezes at approximately -18°C; however, when mixed with water, the solution’s freezing point drops further, offering stronger protection in colder temperatures. The use of antifreeze not only lowers the freezing point of water-based mixtures but also raises their boiling point.

Inorganic Acid Technology (IAT): Conventional antifreeze formulated with mineral/inorganic inhibitors such as phosphate, borate, silicate, nitrite, or nitrate compounds.

Organic Acid Technology (OAT): Organic antifreeze containing only organic corrosion inhibitors such as carboxylates.

Hybrid Acid Technology (HOAT): Hybrid antifreeze that combines both inorganic and organic acid technologies.

Antifreeze products formulated with different additive technologies must never be mixed.

This parameter is used to determine the level of alkaline components in engine coolants and is commonly tested for quality control during production. Alkaline inhibitors within antifreeze provide a buffering effect and neutralize acids caused by potential exhaust gas leakage into the cooling system.

Color is achieved by adding specific pigments to the formulation. The color or shade of an antifreeze product is not an indicator of its quality or performance.

Usage Ratios

Using antifreeze at 100% concentration is not recommended.

If additional coolant needs to be added due to depletion, it should be topped up with a properly mixed ratio of antifreeze and water.

The recommended antifreeze-to-water ratio is 50%.

When the antifreeze concentration drops below 33%, its corrosion protection weakens significantly and therefore is not recommended.