Know-How Base

• Friction is the physical interaction between metals
• The friction of parts rubbing against one another causes heat
• Heated details expand, and their ends touch and break
• Wear particles work like cutting tools. Scratches, vibration, and heat increase.

Viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow and is shown in mm²/s or centistoke (cSt).

It should be performed to reduce friction.

• Prevent abrasion and friction in the systems (by creating a film layer between the running system)
• Remove heat from the environment
• Keep the system clean thanks to its detergent dispersant feature
• Move dirt and sediment in the system to the filters and protect them against rust and corrosion
• Insulate the systems against external factors

It is used on surfaces that liquid oils have difficulty adhering to under extreme load and pressure and is effective thanks to the additives it contains. It is generally used for lubricating most bearings and rollers.

The higher the NLGI penetration value is, the harder the grease becomes.

Penetration is measured in the testing device specified in ASTM D-217. It is a numerical value that indicates whether the grease is hard or soft.

It describes the behavior of a liquid's viscosity in response to temperature change. The viscosity index of oils easily affected by temperature changes is low.

Decisions on engine oils and automotive gear oils are made by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) makes decisions on the engine and automotive gear oils based on the viscosity value at 100 ºC and low-temperature pumpability test results.

Industrial Oils are classified by ISO VG (International Organization for Standardization) based on their 40 ºC viscosity value. For example, a hydraulic oil numbered 46 will be organized with a tolerance value of +/- 10%.

It is used on surfaces that liquid oils have difficulty adhering to under extreme load and pressure and is effective thanks to the additives it contains. It is generally used for lubricating most bearings and rollers.

The lowest temperature at which liquid drips at its own weight is called the pour point (e.g., 27°C)

It is the temperature at which the grease transforms from a semi-solid to a liquid under test conditions and is one of the most important indicators of the heat resistance of the oil (e.g., 240°C)

• It ensures easy pouring at low temperatures.
• It ensures that liquids maintain their fluidity at low temperatures and that the systems operate easily during the first start-up.
• It indicates pumpability.

Total Base Number: The amount of KOH required to neutralize a petroleum product. It is used to balance the acidic environment that occurs due to the reaction in diesel engine oil, which is vital for the system.

The lowest temperature at which flammable liquids emit a sufficient amount of vapor to be ignited by the air at their immediate surface.

Lubricants are generated by distilling and refining petroleum.

Synthetic oils are oils that have been adapted to the desired properties by chemical synthesis.

Synthetic oils have superior power transmission, a more stable film layer under heavy loads, better pumpability at low temperatures, and higher energy savings than lubricants.

• It is typically colorless and transparent
• Before adding water to the radiator, water should first be mixed with antifreeze water
• Antifreeze and pure water should be mixed at a ratio of 50%.
• The antifreeze level should be checked periodically.

• To prevent water from freezing,
• increase the boiling point
• prevent calcification,
• protect the system against corrosion,
• raise the boiling point and avoid cavitation